Communication within a family or close-knit group is high context in almost any part of the world. The earliest literature produced in the country was in Latin. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Men also dress well and adorn a heavily embroidered waistcoat, striped trousers, and an ornamented krakuska cap. Another very important researcher in the area of culture is a man by the name of Geert Hofstede. The society in Poland exhibited a high degree of stratification before 1939. Messages are both spoken and read between the lines. Messages are expressed and understood at face value. The dances evolved from a peasants style of dancing to ballroom style dancing by the addition of ballet flavors following the annexation of Eastern Europe by Napoleon. What am I going to do without you!'. But the Brazilian culture presents some particularities that McDonald's marketing team seem very aware of. Long-term orientation focuses on the future and not the present or the past. Small enterprises have the flexibility to move more quickly. Modern Polish art was associated with heavy experimentation and was born with the Moda Polska movement. We had tables for each region or country and coordinating the event preparation and lists of invitees with our recruiting colleagues from the participating offices. Over the years, Hofstede and his fellow researchers have regularly collected additional data from around the world to make his conceptualization of six cultural differences one of the most widely studied concepts of culture. And yet they hurt. When it came to trait affection given, the United States participants reported giving more affection than any of the three other countries. In an individualistic culture, if someone asked what you do for a living, they would answer by saying their profession or occupation. It is crucial that we compare the cultures in relation to each other on the graph. Jan Kochanowski was a renowned Polish poet of the time. In the Krakw region of Lesser Poland, women wear elaborate traditional dresses that comprise of a white blouse, an embroidered vest, an apron, and a full floral skirt. An effigy of Marzanna is drowned in the river to signify the end of the ills of the winter season. Striving for everyone to have equal rights is an important theme. In this section, were going to examine three important luminaries that have helped shape our understanding of culture and intercultural communication: Edward T. Hall, Geert Hofsteded, and Stella Ting-Toomey. A variety of other sports like basketball, hockey, swimming, weightlifting, boxing, etc., are played in the country. If something was not clear, the team was asking clarifying questions easily. Additionally, there is a strong emphasis on saving face, which we will discuss more in the next section, fulfilling ones obligations today, and enjoying ones leisure time. Some interesting findings associated with indulgence include experiencing higher levels of positive emotions and remembering those emotions for more extended periods. If yes - start developing your cultural intelligence! Meetings generally start on time. Short-term oriented cultures, on the other hand, tend to focus on both the past and the present. Naturally, high-context communication can occur in a low-context culture, as the German biergarten illustrates. I would now therefore like to share some of my examples and experiences related to this dimension. Well, typical. In high-context communication, a message cannot be understood without a great deal of background information. Use titles and surnames until invited to use first names. Always, and I hate travelling that often and being tired Is it worth it for these relationships? The Poles have always welcomed artists from abroad and adopted cultural trends of other countries to enrich their own lively cultural scene. When it came to trait affection received, all four groups differed from one another. Fluid Time Trait affection given and received: A test of Hofstedes theoretical framework. Interpersonally, long-term oriented countries were more satisfied with their contributions to Being attentive to daily human relations, deepening human bonds in family, neighborhood and friends or acquaintances when compared to their short-term counterparts.32. A high-context culture is a culture in which people rely heavily on nonverbal and implicit communication. In other words, collectivistic cultures focus on how the group can grow and be productive. It is mostly connected with the countrys history, a long period of occupation and fighting for own identity. Poles consider themselves independent and self-disciplined. Meetings are formal. Easter is also celebrated with great fun in the country. In my opinion switching from high-context culture to a low-context one is much easier, technically, than the other way around. Today, many companies have goal-setting, 360 feedback, and training programs. In public, women who need directions or have other questions are expected to ask policemen or other women; approaching men is seen as flirtation. How did your friends react to your decision of moving abroad? Some everyday Polish foods include kiebasa (a type of sausage), pierogi (filled dumplings), pyzy (dough balls filled with meat), kopytka (potato dumpling), gobki (cabbage leaves wrapped around meat and rice), bigos (stewed meat and cabbage), etc. The rest of the world tends toward high-context communication. Younger managers are beginning to adopt a less hierarchical, more results-driven manner of managing teams. I heard opinions that its weird, stupid, not-funny-at-all, thats also a widely heldstereotype about that culture. At the long-term end of the spectrum are countries like China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Japan; whereas, countries like Pakistan, Czech Republic, Nigeria, Spain, and the Philippines are examples of short-term. . The history and customs of the country are well reflected by the Jan Matejko inspired Historicist painting of Krakw school. Hierarchy Like China, Brazil is a high-context culture. In 1988, intercultural communication research Stella Ting-Toomey developed face-negotiation theory to help explain the importance of face within interpersonal interactions.37 The basic idea behind face-negotiation theory is that face-saving, conflict, and culture are all intertwined. Polish art has been a blend of European trends with indigenous influence. A number of poets and authors produced works that focussed on patriotism and the revival of the country. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Exchanging business cards is an important business ritual. When realising the way the British work, I managed to easily adjust to their style. D.I.V.E. Asian, African, Arab, central European and Latin American cultures are generally considered to be high-context cultures. Ultimately, we can define these types of cultures in the following way: A society is called masculine when emotional gender roles are clearly distinct: men are supposed to be assertive, tough, and focused on material success, whereas women are supposed to be more modest, tender, and concerned with quality of life. Several other festivals and holidays are also celebrated in Poland. The earliest culture of Poland traces its origin to the culture of the Early Slavs who settled in the country. Recruiting is done through executive search firms and through the internet. Then, there is a much bigger chance for success. According to Hofstede and his coauthors, Indulgence stands for a tendency to allow relatively free gratification of basic and natural human desires related to enjoying life and having fun. Imagine youre having an interaction with an individual from India. DM me with 'GLOBAL LEADER' and I'll share with you how I support international leaders in their ability to work well across cultures. The final characteristic of cultures is a new one first reported on in the 2010 edition of Cultures and Organizations. Poland, and the United States. Intercultural facework competence refers to the optimal integration of knowledge, mindfulness, and communication skills in managing vulnerable identity-based conflict situations appropriately, effectively, and adaptively. Particularism The cultural variability dimensions, in conjunction with individual, relational, and situational factors influence the use of particular facework behaviors in particular cultural scenes. According to a 2013 report from the U.S. Census department (using income data from 2012), here is how income inequality in the U.S. looks: Households in the lowest quintile had incomes of $20,599 or less in 2012. Messages are often implied but not plainly expressed.. 6: Cultural and Environmental Factors in Interpersonal Communication, Book: Interpersonal Communication - A Mindful Approach to Relationships (Wrench et al. When it came to trait affection given, the United . Does it mean that I sometimes go there and back for just the weekend? This is my favourite post on Polonization blog, but I recommend it allto be honest. Uncertainty avoidance then involves the extent to which cultures as a whole are fearful of ambiguous and unknown situations. In masculine cultures, women are the caretakers of the home, while men are to be healthy and wealthy. During an interpersonal interaction, individuals strive to create a positive version of their face for the other person. Think through Geert Hofstedes six categories used to evaluate differing cultures and apply Hofstedes ideas to your co-culture. According to this theory, a high context (HC) culture, such as Japan, is characterized by nonverbal communication and meanings shared implicitly by speaker/listener that are highly dependent on the context. Lace-up boots and a coral bead necklace complete the look. Dismissal is governed by the laws of the EU. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. You may be wondering, by this point, how low-context and high-context cultures differ across different countries. Theres also a massive difference in the approach to marriage. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. In addition to the previous characteristics, Hofstede noticed a fifth characteristic of cultures that he deemed long-term and short-term orientation. The headgear consists of a floral wreath in the case of unmarried women while the married ones tie a white kerchief. This is most common for women, but some men also embrace and kiss. Authors: Przemysaw Hensel No full-text available . The top 5 percent had incomes of $191,157 or more.25. In general, for me as a Polish person UK approach doesnt seem extremely far away from what Im used to. The order of affection received was (in order of the most trait affection received) United States, Denmark, Poland, and Iceland. Why do you think context is such an important cultural characteristic? The same is true of thrift. #expatcoaching #expatlife #livingabroad #expatcoach #workingabroad #lifeabroad #workabroad #careerabroad #internationallife #internationalcareer #globalcareer #globallife #globalleaders #culturalawareness #selfawareness #selfgrowth #personalgrowth #personaldevelopment #culturalcompetence #movingabroad #zyciezagranica #zycienaemigracji #pracazagranica #rozwojosobisty #polacyzagranica, If youd like to explore your own cultural values and see how they are at play in your working life - DM me the word CULTURE and Ill share more information with you about the CQ Assessment and debrief session where we discuss your personalised assessment report and create a plan forward to develop your cultural competences further! Its always great to get another perspective on cultural differences! These cookies do not store any personal information. A high context culture may look very different to a person who is familiar with a low context communication style. 3. Exchange of business cards is important. A high context culture orientation is one in which information is shared consistently by all members of the same group. In any major area of academic study, there are luminaries that one should understand. President Nixon did the same thing existing an airplane in Brazil flashing his famous OK sign with his thumb and forefinger forming a circle, but this is the middle finger in that culture. It is therefore of a higher context than the British one. Figure 6.3.2 illustrates some of the patterns of context that exist in todays world.21. Family provides the foundation for endurance andperseverance, Each family member must take responsibility for self andfamily, Hierarchy helps structure roles and reduce uncertainty, Traditionally male dominated society, slowly changing. Legal. Most business entertaining takes place in restaurants. I left the meeting happy with all the information thatI received and ready to start working on my tasks. Employees are often looking for direction and may not be comfortable taking personal initiative. President George H. Bush once held up his hand in a V for Victory salute to an Australian audience only to find out later that this was the equivalent of the middle finger in the United States. 33 The sixth cultural characteristic is called indulgence vs. restraint, which examines issues of happiness and wellbeing. When Poles are comfortable with you and you are part of their private circle, communication can be more outspoken, direct and even cynical. Messages may seem direct because Poles believe people should be free to express opinions. There was atime when I attended a meeting where a decision has been made on the task split and further steps of the project. Poland is also known for its electronic dance music with Vader being the most famous band performing this genre of music. Wigilia is a popular Christmas Eve supper consumed in Poland. The elements of culture, and the high and low context cultures in Hofstede's dimensions of culture will affect customer services offered and customer buying behavior. Management in high-and low-context cultures - Poland and Korea in the light of empirical research. If youre not used to it you can either ignore it or get easily offended as they use sarcasm a lot, usually in a form of statement about a reality (eg. For this study, the researchers studied 606 participants in four different countries: Denmark, Iceland, Poland, and the United States. ACTION is your ability to adapt (and not adapt) when working in multicultural contexts. Professional titles are used. Currently, Polish art is enjoyed and recognized worldwide. The father holds absolute authority and must be obeyed by the children. So I was talking about Asia tables (region-Asia), while my teammate was taking about Asia from the Polish team confirming their participants for a Poland table A high-context culture has the opposite communication style to a low-context culture. Collectivistic cultures tend to think about actions that might affect the entire group rather than specific members of the group. The province also promotes the offer of "healthy" tourism. In his 1959 book, The Silent Language, Hall states, culture is communication and communication is culture.19 In the previous chapter, we talked about the importance of nonverbal communication. Flicking one finger against your neck is an invitation to join someone for a drink. However, because there is still a great deal of bureaucracy, deadlines are often delayed. Personally I love that type of humour, I think it reveals the high-context nature of the British. However, the concepts of what is low, middle, and upper can have very large differences. 45 Lien represents the confidence of society in the integrity of egos moral character, the loss of which makes it impossible for him to function properly within the community. I didn't tell many people about me looking for a job abroad, so for some it was somewhat surprising. Swoim okrgiem konsularnym konsulat obejmuje Wojewdztwo . Employees may withhold discussing problems for a long time before finally raising them. With time, I reached a point where I managed to organise myself in a way that allowed me to still keep in touch with people I wanted to stay in close touch with (scheduled online calls - because 'let's catch up' just doesn't ever work well enough) and visit relatively often. Use of titles is expected until someone suggests first-name basis. It triggered a lot of thoughts and memories when I was reading it. There are still emotional difficulties involved of course, but it is technically easier to focus on facts than to understand the communication based on hundreds years of complicated history and customs. Don't hesitate to ask clarifying questions if the intent is not clear or the message sounds confusing. With class, many cultures have three clear segments low, middle, and upper. The concept of face is especially problematic in emotionally vulnerable situations (such as embarrassment, request, or conflict situations) when the situation identities of the communicators are called into question. - Our Planet Today on April 20, 2022 Is Poland a high or low context culture? " Such a good opportunity!' High-context communication style may be detrimental to the design of global Web sites, making them less readable, less effective in their use of colors and graphics, and less interactive for. 2023 IOR Global Services. Face gaining refers to the strategies a person might use to build their reputation and feelings of prestige (e.g., talking about accomplishments, active social media presence), whereas face losing refers to those behaviors someone engages in that can harm their reputation or feelings of prestige (e.g., getting caught in a lie, failing). Hofstede refers to this as being more relationally oriented. I know that the British are often characterised as masters of sarcasm and irony. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following countries is considered a high context culture? There is also an intelligentsia whose population is steadily increasing as is the population of workers. Staying in regular contact with business colleagues / partners can help facilitate the process. Formal Polish literature developed and evolved since the arrival of Christianity in Poland. Polish folk dance has a long and rich tradition and is associated with several historical or religious events of the country. Learn more about how different cultures rely on high or low levels of context in their communication overall. All who are present are free to participate; however, in some cases rules of hierarchy mean that senior level people speak first and subordinates will speak when they know it is appropriate. Being an American and moving from a lower context culture to a higher context culture, you will experience different emotions and challenges than moving from higher context culture to the lower one. One of the earliest researchers in the area of cultural differences and their importance to communication was a researcher by the name of Edward T. Hall. Our Privacy Policy can be found. In 1924, the novel Chopi won Wadysaw Reymont a Nobel Prize in Literature. Why would you want to do this at all. He ended up more comfortable and confident when it comes to talking about emotions, with a tool to help him actually name what he's feeling, and empowered to reach for his professional goals. Heightened emotion is not necessarily a sign that the discussion is going badly. My first thought was not Oh cool, good to have that in writing, but Why did she bother sending that to us? We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. For example, the median income for the average U.S. household is $51,100.24 When discussing household incomes, we use the median (middlemost number) because its the most accurate representation of income. It includes language (countries using Anglo-Saxon ones are usually closer to the low-context, Asian countries lean clearly more towards the high-context) and history (high-context cultures tend to have a longer shared history than low-context cultures). The world's cultural diversity naturally leads to many types of communication differences from one region to the next. In such a culture, conformism, the. The earliest culture of Poland traces its origin to the culture of the Early Slavs who settled in the country. US is the most low-context culture followed by Australia, Canada, Netherlands, Germany, UK. DM me with the word 'AD HOC' and I'll reply with the details of how you can schedule yourself in for that! The ability to navigate successfully across cultures is not a luxury; it is a necessity. In 2017, Daniel H. Mansson and Alds G. Sigurardttir set out to examine the concept of trait affection in relation to Hofstedes theoretical framework. Let's chat! Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Similarly, trait affection received was significantly associated with the individualism-collectivism and uncertainty avoidance dimensions of cultures. 36, Mansson, D. H., & Sigurardttir, A. G. (2017). These are some important high-context culture characteristics to look out for. Poles are also used to less personal space in public, and they offer help to one another on trams, busses and in other public locations. According to Hofstedes data, the U.S. is 16th from the bottom of power distance, so we are in the bottom third with regards to power distance. It can be served hot or cold. It will be based on the book entitled The Culture Map by an INSEAD professor and cross-cultural specialist Erin Meyer. Speedway is extremely popular in Poland and the Polish Extraleague attracts the greatest number of spectators among all sports played in the country. However, income is just one indicatory of power distance within a culture. Poland was under the rule of communism from 1945- 1989. In my opinion Polish sarcasm is however very often related to some linguistic games or is bound to historic events or leaders. Having local representation can contribute to trust and sometimes lead to less strenuous negotiations. I believe that this book is a great source for reading about cross-cultural differences. as well as much of Europe. Poland is also one of the largest beer producers in Europe and a beer consumer in Poland drinks 92 liters of beer annually. Documents should all be translated into Polish even if negotiations are in English. Hiking, skiing, ski jumping, and mountain biking are popular activities enjoyed by both amateur and professional sportsperson visiting the mountains of Poland. Generally there is low tolerance for ambiguity and people require detailed explanation and understanding before making decisions. Affectionate communication is conceptualized as a persons use of intentional and overt communicative behaviors to convey feelings of closeness, care, and fondness in the form of verbal statements, nonverbal behaviors, and social support.35. Can be very slow. singapore is high context society Is Arab. Foreigners are expected to be punctual, and there is a value on being on time. Femininity, on the other hand, involves characteristics like having a good working relationship with ones manager and coworkers, cooperating with people at work, and security (both job and familial). However, many of these beliefs and observances have currently vanished from modern Polish society but are still prevalent in the conservative households in the country. As you can imagine, depending on the type of culture you live in, you will have wildly different social interactions with other people. Compare and contrast two countries and their levels of context. 30.04.2021 - Radio broadcast (no. Leadership, Culture, and Ethics in The Polish Context Anna Odrow-Coates Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw The core purpose of the article is to discuss the Polish business lead-ership style in a wider perspective. In terms of two interacting parties, face is the reciprocated compliance, respect, and/or deference that each party expects from, and extends to, the other party.48. The terms low-context culture (LCC) and high-context culture (HCC) were created by Hall to describe how communication styles differ across cultures. Still, they illustrate the importance of knowing and understanding gestures in differing cultures because we do not all interpret nonverbal behavior the same way. In fact, within the latest edition of the book examining these characteristics, Hofstede and his colleagues title the chapter on uncertainty avoidance as What is Different is Dangerous, calling out the threat factor people in high uncertainty avoidance cultures feel.31 Cultures at the high end of uncertainty avoidance include Greece, Portugal, Guatemala, Uruguay, and Belgium Flemish; whereas, cultures at the low end of uncertainty avoidance include Singapore, Jamaica, Denmark, Sweden, and Hong Kong. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. Need for Certainty As such, there is a focus on both persistence and thrift. Although English is the language of business, it is best to have all contracts and documents translated into Polish. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 46(2), 161-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2017.1292944. Other national heroes include: John Paul II, Lech Walesa, Nicolaus Copernicus and Frederic Chopin. Another popular alcoholic drink is the Polish mead which is a honey wine produced in the country since the Middle Ages. With time I actually started to appreciate most of these minutes after meetings and sometimes I dont even take notes any more if I know the lead will send a summary afterwards! Vodka became a popular alcoholic drink since then. High-context cultures will use communication that focuses on underlying context, meaning, and tone in the message, and not just the words themselves. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. There is a certain pride in being tough and difficult to negotiate with. With time after the move, some innocent guilt-tripping began too. The emphasis on endurance is vital because being persistent today will help you in the future. Is Poland a high or low context culture? "In high-context culture, people tend to personalize their disagreement with others. As a manager, take time to articulate specific tasks and check with employees to demonstrate the importance of the employee and the project. The U.S. is towards the indulgence end of the spectrum and ranks at #15 along with Canada and the Netherlands. High-Context Cultures. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. It's a set of competences which help you relate and work effectively in culturally diverse situations. It includes a broad literature review that describes management styles in Poland and draws some comparisons to other countries. In HCC, on the other hand, intention or meaning can best be conveyed through implicit contexts, including gestures, social customs, silence, nuance, or tone of voice.20 Table 6.3.1 further explores the differences between low-context and high-context cultures. #expatcoaching #expatlife #livingabroad #expatcoach #workingabroad #lifeabroad #workabroad #careerabroad #internationallife #internationalcareer #globalcareer #globallife #globalleaders #culturalawareness #selfawareness #selfgrowth #personalgrowth #personaldevelopment #culturalcompetence #movingabroad #zyciezagranica #zycienaemigracji #pracazagranica #rozwojosobisty #polacyzagranica. To give you an example, in comparison to Asian countries such as Japan, China or Indonesia both UK and Poland could be described as rather a low-context culture. It was simply a reflection of the need for being 100% clear in the message and avoiding any misunderstandings. What is important to remember when analysing these graphs is that we cant definitely say whether a culture IS a low or high context. (such as the United States, Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Finland, Denmark the UK, or Poland) and need to communicate with people from a high-context culture (like Japan, Indonesia, Iran, China, Kenya, .

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